"A cikin magungunan kulawa mai tsanani, rashin isasshen iskar oxygen ya ci gaba da zama wani abu da ba a san shi ba a asibiti tare da manyan sakamako. Wanda aka siffanta shi da rashin isashshen iskar oxygen ba tare da isasshen iskar oxygen ba (wanda ake kira 'silent hypoxia'), wannan bayyanar da ba ta dace ba tana aiki a matsayin muhimmiyar alama ta gazawar numfashi. Shaidu masu yawa sun tabbatar da rawar da take takawa a matsayin wata hanyar da ba ta da tsari, tare da jinkirin gano cutar da ke taimakawa wajen hana mace-mace a cikin huhu, COVID-19, da kuma yanayin huhu na yau da kullun. Jaridar New England Journal of Medicine kwanan nan ta haskaka wannan 'ƙalubalantar likitan asibiti' - inda ƙoƙarin numfashi na yau da kullun ke ɓoye ƙarancin iskar oxygen mai haɗari, yana buƙatar sabunta sa ido na asibiti da gyare-gyaren tsarin kulawa."
Menene hypoxemia?;
"Hypoxemia, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin jinin jijiyoyi (PaO2 < 80 mmHg a matakin teku a cikin manya), yana tasowa lokacin da matsin lamba na ɗan lokaci ya faɗi ƙasa da ƙa'idodin da aka daidaita shekaru (AARC Clinical Practice Guideline 2021). Ƙungiyoyi masu haɗari masu yawa suna nuna bayanan cututtuka daban-daban:
- Rashin daidaiton iska/zubar da iska: Marasa lafiya masu fama da ciwon huhu masu tsanani waɗanda suka shiga cikin alveolar suna rage ƙarfin yaɗuwa
- Hanyoyin da ke haifar da cututtukan zuciya: Matsalolin zuciya na hagu/dama waɗanda ke nuna kumburin huhu da ke haifar da matsin lamba (PCWP > 18 mmHg)
- Rashin daidaituwar jijiyoyin jijiyoyi: Yara da ke fama da ƙarancin ci gaban tsokoki na intercostal da manya da ke fama da matsalar diaphragmatic
- Shafar taba akai-akai: Masu shan taba suna nuna canje-canje a cikin tsarin huhu (emphysema, matakin COPD-GOLD ≥2)
- Abubuwan da ke haifar da Iatrogenic: Marasa lafiya bayan tiyata suna fuskantar matsalar numfashi da opioid ke haifarwa (RR ƙasa da 12/min) da atelectasis
Abin lura shi ne, kashi 38% na marasa lafiya da aka yi wa tiyatar thoracic suna fuskantar matsalar hypoxemia cikin awanni 24 bayan fitar da su (Bayanan Da'awar ASA da aka Rufe 2022), wanda hakan ke nuna muhimmancin ci gaba da sa ido kan bugun zuciya a cikin waɗannan al'ummomin.
Mene ne haɗarin hypoxemia?
A bisa kididdigar asibiti, adadin mace-macen marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsananciyar rashin isasshen iskar oxygen (hypoxemia) zai iya kaiwa kashi 27%, kuma a cikin mawuyacin hali, adadin mace-macen zai iya kaiwa fiye da kashi 50%. Idan ba a yi gaggawar magance matsalar a farkon matakin cutar ba, akwai yiwuwar samun mummunan sakamako.
- Tasiri ga kwakwalwa: Idan matakin iskar oxygen a jini ya ragu (hypoxemia), kwakwalwa za ta rasa iskar oxygen. Wannan na iya haifar da alamun nan take kamar ciwon kai mai ɗorewa, jiri ba zato ba tsammani, da kuma raguwar tunawa. Idan ba a yi magani ba, yunwar iskar oxygen na tsawon lokaci na iya lalata ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da bugun jini sakamakon toshewar kwararar jini (infarction na kwakwalwa) ko fashewar jijiyoyin jini (zubar jini a kwakwalwa). Gane waɗannan alamun gargaɗi da wuri yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar jijiyoyi na dindindin.
- Tasiri ga zuciya: Idan zuciya ba ta samun isasshen iskar oxygen ba, tana fama da wahalar yin famfo yadda ya kamata. Wannan nau'in na iya haifar da alamun gargaɗi kamar bugun zuciya mai sauri ko mara tsari, matsewar ƙirji (angina), da gajiya mai ban mamaki. Bayan lokaci, rashin iskar oxygen da ba a yi magani ba na iya raunana tsokar zuciya, wanda hakan na iya haifar da matsaloli masu barazana ga rayuwa kamar gazawar zuciya, inda zuciya ba za ta iya biyan buƙatun jiki ba.
- Tasiri ga huhu: Ƙarancin iskar oxygen yana tilasta huhu ta yi aiki tuƙuru don kawai ta ci gaba da aiki. A tsawon lokaci, wannan nau'in na iya lalata hanyoyin iska da kyallen huhu, yana ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da matsalolin numfashi kamar COPD (cutar huhu mai toshewa ta kullum). A cikin mawuyacin hali, rashin iskar oxygen na tsawon lokaci na iya raunana gefen dama na zuciya yayin da take fama da wahalar tura jini ta cikin huhu mai tauri, wata cuta da aka sani da cor pulmonale.
- Tasirin dukkan jiki: Rashin iskar oxygen na yau da kullun yana shafar kowace gabobi kamar mota da ke aiki da ƙarancin mai. Koda da hanta a hankali suna zama marasa inganci wajen tace guba, yayin da garkuwar jiki ke raunana, wanda hakan ke sa kamuwa da cuta ta zama ruwan dare gama gari ya fi wahala. A tsawon lokaci, wannan rashin iskar oxygen yana ƙara haɗarin lalacewar gabobi kuma yana barin jiki ya shiga cikin mawuyacin hali - daga cututtuka akai-akai zuwa tabon gabobi masu ɗorewa. Wannan yana sa sa ido kan matakin iskar oxygen da wuri ya zama mahimmanci don hana rikitarwa ga gabobi da yawa.
Yaya za a tantance idan kuna da hypoxemia?
Matakan iskar oxygen a jini muhimmin ma'auni ne na gano ƙarancin iskar oxygen. A cikin mutane masu lafiya, karatun da aka saba yi ya kama daga kashi 95% zuwa 100%. Matakan da ke tsakanin kashi 90-94% suna nuna ƙarancin iskar oxygen, wanda ƙila ba zai nuna alamun bayyanar ba. Ragewa zuwa kashi 80-89% yana nuna matsakaicin ƙarancin iskar oxygen, wanda galibi yana haifar da numfashi ko ruɗani. Karatun da ke ƙasa da kashi 80% yana wakiltar gaggawa mai tsanani, inda muhimman gabobin jiki ke fuskantar barazanar lalacewa saboda tsananin yunwar iskar oxygen kuma suna buƙatar kulawar likita nan take.
Yadda ake kula da isasshen iskar oxygen a cikin jini?
- A buɗe tagogi don samun iska
Ka wartsake iskar cikin gidanka ta hanyar buɗe tagogi kowace rana don yaɗa iskar oxygen mai kyau. Don samun sakamako mai kyau, lokaci-lokaci ka ziyarci wuraren shakatawa ko wuraren da ke da wadataccen yanayi a wajen birane don yin numfashi mai zurfi da tsafta wanda ke taimakawa wajen sake cika matakan iskar oxygen na jikinka.
- Aerobics
Ayyukan motsa jiki na yau da kullun kamar tafiya mai sauri, iyo, ko keke na iya haɓaka kwararar jini da zagayawar iskar oxygen. Zaɓi zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarancin ƙarfi kamar motsa jiki na ruwa ko yin tsere a hankali idan baku saba yin motsa jiki ba - waɗannan motsa jiki masu laushi suna inganta isar da iskar oxygen lafiya yayin da suke ƙara ƙarfi akan lokaci.
- Maganin iskar oxygen a gida
Ga mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin numfashi na yau da kullun waɗanda ke fama da ƙarancin iskar oxygen, amfani da na'urar iskar oxygen ta gida na iya taimakawa wajen kula da isasshen iskar oxygen. Likitoci kan ba da shawarar fara amfani da na'urorin tattara iskar oxygen masu ɗaukuwa yayin barci ko ayyukan yau da kullun - idan aka yi amfani da su kamar yadda aka umarta, wannan maganin zai iya inganta matakan kuzari, rage rashin numfashi, da kuma tallafawa ingantaccen ingancin barci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-25-2025