"A cikin magungunan kulawa mai mahimmanci, hypoxemia shiru ya ci gaba a matsayin wani abu na asibiti wanda ba a gane shi ba tare da babban tasiri. Halin da rashin isashshen oxygen ba tare da dyspnea ba (wanda ake kira 'silent hypoxia'), wannan bayyanar cututtuka yana aiki a matsayin alama mai mahimmanci na gazawar numfashi mai zuwa. Hawan shaida yana tabbatar da matsayinsa a matsayin hanyar da ba ta dace ba. ciwon huhu, COVID-19, da yanayin yanayin huhu na yau da kullun, The New England Journal of Medicine kwanan nan ya ba da haske game da wannan 'paradox na likitancin' - inda ƙoƙarin numfashi na yau da kullun ke rufe bala'i na rashin iskar oxygen, yana buƙatar sabunta kulawar asibiti da gyare-gyaren yarjejeniya."
Menene hypoxemia?;
"Hypoxemia, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin rashin lafiya na rashin lafiya na oxygen jikewa a cikin jini na jini (PaO2 <80 mmHg a matakin teku a cikin manya), yana tasowa lokacin da matsa lamba na yanki ya fadi ƙasa da shekarun da aka daidaita na al'ada (AARC Clinical Practice Guideline 2021). Ƙungiyoyin haɗari masu haɗari suna nuna alamun bayyanar cututtuka na pathophysiological:
- Rashin daidaituwar iska/perfusion: matsanancin ciwon huhu tare da infiltrates na alveolar suna lalata iyawar watsawa
- Hanyoyin Cardiogenic: Ƙungiyoyin gazawar zuciya na hagu/dama suna nuna edema na huhu mai matsa lamba (PCWP> 18 mmHg)
- Amincewa da Neuromuscular: Yawan yara na yara tare da ƙarancin haɓakar musculature na intercostal da manya tare da tabarbarewar diaphragmatic
- Bayyanawa na yau da kullun: Masu amfani da taba suna nuna canjin tsarin huhu (emphysema, matakin COPD-GOLD ≥2)
- Abubuwan da ke haifar da Iatrogenic: Marasa lafiya na baya-bayan nan da ke fuskantar baƙin ciki na numfashi na opioid (RR <12/min) da kuma atelectasis
Musamman, kashi 38% na marasa lafiya na tiyata na thoracic suna haɓaka hypoxemia a cikin sa'o'i 24 bayan fitowar su (ASA Rufe bayanan da'awar 2022), yana nuna wajibcin ci gaba da sa ido kan bugun jini a cikin waɗannan al'ummomin.
Menene haɗarin hypoxemia?
Dangane da kididdigar asibiti, yawan mace-macen marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsanancin hypoxemia na iya kaiwa kashi 27%, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, adadin mace-mace na iya kaiwa sama da 50%. Idan ba a yi shi cikin lokaci ba a farkon cutar, akwai yiwuwar sakamako mai tsanani ya faru.
- Tasiri a kan kwakwalwa: Lokacin da matakan iskar oxygen na jini ya ragu (hypoxemia), kwakwalwa ya zama rashin iskar oxygen. Wannan na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka nan da nan kamar ciwon kai na gaba, juwa kwatsam, da raguwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Idan ba a kula da shi ba, yunwar oxygen na tsawon lokaci na iya lalata ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa, wanda zai iya haifar da shanyewar jini wanda ke haifar da toshewar jini (jini na kwakwalwa) ko rushewar tasoshin jini (jini na kwakwalwa). Gane farkon waɗannan alamun gargaɗin yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa ta dindindin.
- Tasiri kan zuciya: Lokacin da zuciya ba ta samun isashshen iskar oxygen, tana ƙoƙarin yin famfo da kyau. Wannan nau'in na iya haifar da alamun faɗakarwa kamar bugun zuciya mai sauri ko mara ka'ida, ƙirjin ƙirji (angina), da gajiya mai ban mamaki. A tsawon lokaci, rashin isashshen iskar oxygen na iya raunana tsokar zuciya, wanda zai iya haifar da rikice-rikice masu barazana ga rayuwa kamar gazawar zuciya, inda zuciya ba za ta iya ci gaba da biyan bukatun jiki ba.
- Tasiri akan huhu: Ƙananan matakan oxygen suna tilasta huhu suyi aiki tuƙuru don kawai ci gaba. A tsawon lokaci, wannan nau'in na iya lalata hanyoyin iska da nama na huhu, yana ƙara haɗarin haɓaka cututtukan numfashi kamar COPD (cututtukan huhu na yau da kullun). A cikin lokuta masu tsanani, rashin iskar oxygen na tsawon lokaci na iya raunana gefen dama na zuciya yayin da yake gwagwarmaya don zubar da jini ta hanyar huhu mai tauri, yanayin da aka sani da cor pulmonale.
- Tasirin jiki gabaɗaya: ƙarancin iskar oxygen na yau da kullun yana ƙunsar kowace gabo kamar motar da ke gudana akan ƙaramin mai. Koda da hanta sannu a hankali suna raguwa wajen tace guba, yayin da tsarin garkuwar jiki ya raunana, yana sa cututtuka na yau da kullun suna da wuyar yaƙi. A tsawon lokaci, wannan bashin iskar oxygen na shiru yana ƙara haɗarin lalacewar gabobin kuma yana barin jiki cikin haɗari ga matsalolin kiwon lafiya - daga cututtuka akai-akai zuwa tabo mai dorewa. Wannan yana sa sa ido kan matakin iskar oxygen da wuri yana da mahimmanci don hana rikice-rikice masu yawa.
Yadda za a tantance idan kana da hypoxemia?
Matakan oxygen na jini shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci don gano ƙarancin iskar oxygen. A cikin mutane masu lafiya, karatun al'ada ya bambanta daga 95% zuwa 100%. Matakan tsakanin 90-94% suna nuna ƙarancin iskar oxygen, wanda bazai nuna alamun bayyanar ba. Digo zuwa 80-89% yana nuna matsakaicin rashi oxygen, yawanci yana haifar da numfashi mai wahala ko rudani. Karatun da ke ƙasa 80% yana wakiltar gaggawa mai tsanani, inda mahimman gabobin ke haɗarin lalacewa saboda matsanancin yunwar iskar oxygen kuma suna buƙatar kulawar likita nan da nan.
Yadda ake kula da daidaitaccen iskar oxygen na jini?
- Bude tagogi don samun iska
Wartsake iska na cikin gida ta hanyar buɗe tagogi kullum don yaɗa sabon iskar oxygen. Don ingantacciyar sakamako, ziyarci wuraren shakatawa lokaci-lokaci ko wurare masu wadatar yanayi a wajen yankunan birane don ɗaukar zurfin numfashi mai tsafta wanda ke taimakawa cajin matakan iskar oxygen na jikin ku.
- Wasannin motsa jiki
Ayyukan motsa jiki na yau da kullun kamar tafiya cikin gaggauce, yin iyo, ko hawan keke na iya haɓaka kwararar jini da kewayar iskar oxygen. Zaɓi zaɓin ƙananan ƙarfi kamar wasan motsa jiki na ruwa ko jinkirin jogging idan kun kasance sababbi don motsa jiki - waɗannan motsa jiki masu laushi suna haɓaka isar da iskar oxygen cikin aminci yayin haɓaka ƙarfin gwiwa akan lokaci.
- Maganin iskar oxygen na gida
Ga mutanen da ke da yanayin numfashi na yau da kullun waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya tare da ƙananan matakan oxygen, yin amfani da na'urar oxygen na gida na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye iskar oxygen da ta dace. Likitoci sukan ba da shawarar farawa tare da masu tattara iskar oxygen mai ɗaukuwa yayin barci ko ayyukan yau da kullun - lokacin da aka yi amfani da su kamar yadda aka umarce su, wannan jiyya na iya inganta matakan kuzari, rage numfashi, da tallafawa mafi kyawun ingancin bacci.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-25-2025