A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mutane da yawa sun fi mayar da hankali ga rawar da iskar oxygen a cikin kiwon lafiya. Maganin iskar oxygen ba kawai hanya ce mai mahimmanci ta likita a cikin magani ba, har ma da tsarin kula da lafiyar gida na gaye.
Menene Oxygen Therapy?
Maganin iskar oxygen wani ma'auni ne na likita wanda ke sauƙaƙawa ko gyara yanayin hypoxic na jiki ta hanyar ƙara yawan iskar oxygen a cikin iskar da aka shaka.
Me yasa kuke buƙatar oxygen?
Ana amfani da shi musamman don sauƙaƙa yanayin da ke faruwa a lokacin hypoxia, kamar juwa, bugun zuciya, datse ƙirji, shaƙewa, da sauransu. Ana kuma amfani da shi don magance manyan cututtuka. A lokaci guda, iskar oxygen kuma na iya inganta juriya na jiki da haɓaka metabolism.
Tasirin Oxygen
Shakar iskar oxygen na iya taimakawa wajen inganta iskar oxygen da kuma taimakawa tsarin numfashi na majiyyaci ya dawo daidai da wuri da wuri. Yawancin lokaci na ci gaba da yin amfani da iskar oxygen, zai iya sauƙaƙe yanayin yadda ya kamata. Bugu da ƙari, iskar oxygen na iya inganta aikin ƙwayar cuta na mai haƙuri, aikin rigakafi na jiki da metabolism na jiki.
Contraindications da kuma alamomi ga oxygen
Babu cikakken contraindications zuwa iskar oxygen
Oxygen ya dace da m ko na kullum hypoxemia, Kamar: konewa, huhu kamuwa da cuta, COPD, congestive zuciya gazawar, huhu embolism, girgiza tare da m huhu rauni, carbon monoxide ko cyanide guba, iskar gas embolism da sauran yanayi.
Ka'idojin oxygen
Ka'idodin takardar magani: Oxygen yakamata a yi amfani da shi azaman magani na musamman a cikin maganin oxygen, kuma a ba da takardar sayan magani ko odar likita don maganin iskar oxygen.
Ƙa'idar ƙaddamarwa: Ga marasa lafiya tare da hypoxemia mai tsanani na dalilin da ba a sani ba, ya kamata a aiwatar da ka'idar ƙaddamarwa, kuma za a zaɓi maganin oxygen daga babban taro zuwa ƙananan hankali bisa ga yanayin.
Ƙa'idar da ta dace: Zaɓi maƙasudin maganin iskar oxygen bisa ga cututtuka daban-daban. Ga marasa lafiya da ke cikin haɗarin riƙewar carbon dioxide, shawarar da aka ba da shawarar isasshen iskar oxygen shine 88% -93%, kuma ga marasa lafiya ba tare da haɗarin riƙewar carbon dioxide ba, shawarar da aka ba da shawarar iskar oxygen shine 94-98%
Kayan aikin numfashi na oxygen da aka saba amfani dashi
- Oxygen tube
Mafi yawan iskar oxygen da ake amfani da su a cikin aikin asibiti, Ƙirar iskar oxygen da aka shaka ta bututun oxygen yana da alaƙa da adadin iskar oxygen, amma bututun iskar oxygen ba zai iya zama cikakke ba, kuma mai haƙuri ba zai iya jurewa yawan kwararar da ya wuce 5L / min ba.
- Abin rufe fuska
- Mashin na yau da kullun: Yana iya samar da juzu'in ƙarar iskar oxygen da aka yi wahayi na 40-60%, kuma ƙimar iskar oxygen kada ta zama ƙasa da 5L/min. Ya dace da marasa lafiya da hypoxemia kuma babu haɗarin hypercapnia.
- Sashe na sake numfashi da kuma abin rufe fuska ba tare da sake numfashi ba: Don wani ɓangare na sake numfashi masks tare da hatimi mai kyau, lokacin da iskar oxygen ta kasance 6-10L / min, juzu'in juzu'in iskar oxygen da aka yi wahayi zai iya kaiwa 35-60%. Matsakaicin kwararar iskar oxygen na abin rufe fuska mara numfashi dole ne ya zama aƙalla 6L/min. Ba su dace da waɗanda ke da haɗarin riƙewar CO2 ba. na marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar ta huhu.
- Mashin Venturi: Na'urar samar da iskar oxygen ne mai daidaitacce wanda zai iya samar da adadin oxygen na 24%, 28%, 31%, 35%, 40% and 60%. Ya dace da marasa lafiya hypoxic tare da hypercapnia.
- Transnasal high flow oxygen therapy na'urar: Nasal high-flow oxygen far na'urorin sun hada da hanci cannula oxygen tsarin da iska oxygen mixers. An fi amfani da shi a cikin m rashin ƙarfi na numfashi, tsarin iskar oxygen bayan extubation, bronchoscopy da sauran ayyuka masu haɗari. A cikin aikace-aikacen asibiti, mafi kyawun sakamako shine a cikin marasa lafiya tare da gazawar numfashi na hypoxic.
Hanyar aikin bututun iskar oxygen
Umarnin don amfani: Saka filogin hanci a kan bututun iskar oxygen zuwa cikin hanci, madauki bututun daga bayan kunnen mara lafiya zuwa gaban wuyansa kuma sanya shi a kunne.
Lura: Ana ba da iskar oxygen ta bututun shakar iskar oxygen a matsakaicin gudun 6L/min. Rage yawan iskar oxygen zai iya rage faruwar bushewar hanci da rashin jin daɗi. Tsawon bututun inhalation na iskar oxygen bai kamata ya yi tsayi da yawa ba don hana haɗarin shaƙewa da shaƙewa.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na hanci Oxygen Cannula
Babban abũbuwan amfãni daga hanci oxygen tube oxygen inhalation ne cewa shi ne mai sauki da kuma dace, kuma ba ya shafar expectoration da cin abinci. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa ƙwayar iskar oxygen ba ta dawwama kuma yana da sauƙin shawo kan numfashin mai haƙuri.
Yadda za a oxygen tare da talakawa mask
Masks na yau da kullun ba su da buhunan ajiyar iska. Akwai ramukan shaye-shaye a bangarorin biyu na abin rufe fuska. Iskar da ke kewaye tana iya yawo yayin shakar iskar gas kuma ana iya fitar da iskar a lokacin da ake fitar da numfashi.
Lura: Bututun da aka katse ko ƙarancin iskar oxygen zai sa majiyyaci ya sami rashin isashshen iskar oxygen kuma ya sake numfashi da carbon dioxide da aka fitar. Don haka, ya kamata a mai da hankali kan sa ido na gaske da kuma magance duk wata matsala da ta taso a kan lokaci.
Abũbuwan amfãni daga oxygen tare da talakawa masks
Ba mai ban haushi ba, ga marasa lafiya masu shakar baki
Za a iya samar da mafi akai-akai wahayi zuwa oxygen maida hankali
Canje-canje a yanayin numfashi baya canza ilhami na iskar oxygen
Zai iya humidify oxygen, haifar da ɗan haushi ga mucosa na hanci
Babban iskar gas na iya haɓaka kawar da carbon dioxide da aka fitar a cikin abin rufe fuska, kuma a zahiri babu maimaita iskar carbon dioxide.
Venturi mask hanyar oxygen
Mashin Venturi yana amfani da ka'idar haɗakar jet don haɗa iska da iskar oxygen. Ta hanyar daidaita girman iskar oxygen ko ramin shigar iska, ana samar da gauraya gas na Fio2 da ake buƙata. Ƙarshen abin rufe fuska na Venturi yana da kayan haɗi na launuka daban-daban, wanda ke wakiltar budewa daban-daban.
NOTE: Venturi masks masu ƙira ne masu launin launi, don haka ana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman don saita ƙimar iskar oxygen daidai yadda aka ƙayyade.
High kwarara hanci cannula Hanyar
Samar da iskar oxygen a yawan kwararar da ya wuce 40L/min, yana shawo kan ƙarancin iskar oxygen da ke haifar da cannulas na hanci na yau da kullun da masks saboda iyakokin ƙimar kwarara. Ana yin zafi da iskar oxygen da kuma humidified don hana rashin jin daɗi na marasa lafiya da raunin ƙarshen shekara. High-flow nasal cannula yana haifar da matsananciyar ƙarancin ƙarewa. Yana kawar da atelectasis kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin aiki na aiki, inganta ingantaccen numfashi da rage buƙatar intubation na endotracheal da samun iska na inji.
Matakan aiki: da farko, haɗa bututun iskar oxygen zuwa bututun oxygen na asibiti, haɗa bututun iska zuwa bututun iska na asibiti, saita adadin iskar oxygen da ake buƙata akan mahaɗin iska-oxygen, da daidaita ƙimar kwarara akan mita mai gudana don canza babban. - kwarara hanci An haɗa catheter zuwa da'irar numfashi don tabbatar da isasshen iska ta hanyar toshewar hanci. Bada iskar gas ya yi zafi da humidification kafin ya lalata majiyyaci, sanya filogin hanci a cikin hanci da kuma tabbatar da cannula (tip ɗin bai kamata ya rufe hanci gaba ɗaya ba)
Lura: Kafin amfani da cannula na hanci mai girma akan majiyyaci, yakamata a saita shi bisa ga umarnin masana'anta ko ƙarƙashin jagorancin ƙwararru.
Me yasa ake amfani da humidification lokacin shakar oxygen?
Oxygen na likitanci shine oxygen mai tsabta. Gas ya bushe kuma ba shi da danshi. Busassun iskar oxygen zai fusata mucosa na sama na numfashi na majiyyaci, cikin sauƙin haifar da rashin jin daɗi na haƙuri, har ma yana haifar da lalacewar mucosal. Don haka, don guje wa faruwar hakan, ana buƙatar amfani da kwalbar humidification lokacin ba da iskar oxygen.
Wani ruwa ya kamata a kara a cikin kwalbar humidification?
Ruwan humidification yakamata ya zama ruwa mai tsafta ko ruwa don allura, kuma ana iya cika shi da ruwan dafaffen sanyi ko ruwa mai narkewa.
Wadanne marasa lafiya ne ke buƙatar maganin oxygen na dogon lokaci?
A halin yanzu, mutanen da ke shan iskar oxygen na dogon lokaci sun hada da marasa lafiya tare da hypoxia na yau da kullum da ke haifar da rashin isasshen zuciya, irin su marasa lafiya tare da tsakiyar lokaci da COPD mai ƙarewa, fibrosis na huhu na huhu na ƙarshe da rashin isasshen ventricular na hagu. Tsofaffi galibi su ne kan gaba wajen kamuwa da wadannan cututtuka.
Rarraba kwararar iskar oxygen
Rashin iskar oxygen inhalation oxygen maida hankali 25-29%,1-2L/min, wanda ya dace da marasa lafiya tare da hypoxia tare da riƙewar carbon dioxide, irin su cututtukan cututtuka na huhu na yau da kullum, nau'in nau'in numfashi na II, cor pulmonale, edema na huhu, marasa lafiya na baya-bayan nan, marasa lafiya da girgiza, coma ko ciwon kwakwalwa, da dai sauransu.
Matsakaicin kwararar iskar oxygen inhalation 40-60%, 3-4L/min, dace da marasa lafiya tare da hypoxia kuma babu ajiyar carbon dioxide
Inhalation na iskar oxygen mai girma yana da iskar oxygen sama da 60% kuma fiye da 5L/min. Ya dace da marasa lafiya tare da hypoxia mai tsanani amma ba riƙewar carbon dioxide ba. Irin su m numfashi da bugun jini, cututtukan zuciya na haihuwa tare da shunt dama-zuwa-hagu, gubar carbon monoxide, da sauransu.
Me yasa kuke buƙatar oxygen bayan tiyata?
Anesthesia da jin zafi na iya haifar da ƙuntatawar numfashi cikin sauƙi a cikin marasa lafiya kuma suna haifar da hypoxia, don haka majiyyaci yana buƙatar iskar oxygen don ƙara yawan iskar oxygen na jini na majiyyaci da jikewa, inganta raunin rauni na majiyyaci, da hana lalacewar kwakwalwa da ƙwayoyin zuciya. Rage ciwon mara lafiya bayan tiyata
Me yasa zabar iskar iskar oxygen mai ƙarancin hankali yayin maganin iskar oxygen don marasa lafiya na huhu na yau da kullun?
Saboda cututtukan cututtukan huhu na huhu cuta ce mai dawwama da rashin isashshen iska wanda ke haifar da iyakancewar iska, marasa lafiya suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan hypoxemia da riƙewar carbon dioxide. Bisa ga ka'idar samar da iskar oxygen "carbon dioxide mara lafiya Lokacin da wani bangare na matsin lamba na carbon dioxide ya tashi, ya kamata a ba da iskar oxygen kadan; lokacin da wani ɓangaren matsa lamba na carbon dioxide ya zama al'ada ko raguwa, ana iya ba da iskar iskar oxygen mai girma."
Me yasa marasa lafiya da raunin kwakwalwa suka zaɓi maganin oxygen?
Maganin iskar oxygen zai iya taimakawa wajen inganta tasirin warkewa na marasa lafiya tare da raunin kwakwalwa, inganta farfadowa na ayyukan jijiyoyi, inganta ƙwayar jijiyoyi da halayen kumburi, rage lalacewa ga kwayoyin jijiyoyi ta hanyar abubuwa masu guba irin su oxygen free radicals, da kuma hanzarta dawo da lalacewa. naman kwakwalwa.
Me yasa oxygen guba?
"Guba" da ke faruwa ta hanyar shakar iskar oxygen fiye da bukatun jiki na yau da kullun
Alamomin guba na iskar oxygen
Guba na iskar oxygen yana bayyana gaba ɗaya a cikin tasirinsa akan huhu, tare da alamu kamar edema na huhu, tari, da ciwon kirji; na biyu, yana iya bayyana kamar rashin jin daɗin ido, kamar nakasar gani ko ciwon ido. A lokuta masu tsanani, zai shafi tsarin juyayi kuma ya haifar da cututtuka na jijiyoyi. Bugu da kari, shakar iskar oxygen da ya wuce kima na iya hana numfashin ku, haifar da kama numfashi, da kuma zama barazana ga rayuwa.
Jiyya na iskar oxygen
Rigakafin ya fi magani. Kauce wa dogon lokaci, babban mai da hankali maganin oxygen. Da zarar ya faru, da farko rage yawan iskar oxygen. Ana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman: abu mafi mahimmanci shine zaɓi daidai da sarrafa ƙwayar iskar oxygen.
Shin iskar oxygen akai-akai zai haifar da dogaro?
A'a, iskar oxygen yana da mahimmanci don jikin mutum yayi aiki a kowane lokaci. Manufar shakar iskar oxygen shine don inganta iskar oxygen na jiki. Idan yanayin hypoxic ya inganta, za ku iya dakatar da shakar iskar oxygen kuma ba za a sami dogaro ba.
Me yasa iskar oxygen ke haifar da atelectasis?
Lokacin da majiyyaci ya shakar iskar oxygen mai girma, ana maye gurbin babban adadin nitrogen a cikin alveoli. Da zarar an sami toshewar numfashi, iskar oxygen da ke cikin alveoli da ke cikinta za ta shiga cikin sauri ta hanyar jini na wurare dabam dabam na huhu, yana haifar da inhalation atelectasis. Ana bayyana shi ta rashin ƙarfi, numfashi da bugun zuciya. Yi hanzari, hawan jini yana tashi, sannan za ku iya samun wahalar numfashi da kuma suma.
Matakan rigakafi: Yi numfashi mai zurfi don hana ɓoyewa daga toshe hanyar iska
Shin ƙwayar fibrous na baya-bayan nan zai yaɗu bayan shakar iskar oxygen?
Ana ganin wannan illar a cikin jarirai ne kawai, kuma yana da yawa a cikin jarirai da ba su kai ba. Yana da akasari saboda vasoconstriction na retinal, fibrosis na retinal, kuma a ƙarshe yana haifar da makanta mara jurewa.
Matakan rigakafi: Lokacin da jarirai ke amfani da iskar oxygen, dole ne a sarrafa yawan iskar oxygen da lokacin shakar iskar oxygen
Menene damuwa na numfashi?
Yana da yawa a cikin marasa lafiya masu fama da gazawar numfashi na II. Tun lokacin da matsa lamba na carbon dioxide ya kasance a babban matakin na dogon lokaci, cibiyar numfashi ta rasa yadda za ta iya jurewa ga carbon dioxide. Wannan yanayin ne inda aka fi kiyaye ka'idojin numfashi ta hanyar haɓakar chemoreceptors na gefe ta hanyar hypoxia. Idan wannan ya faru Lokacin da aka ba majiyyata iskar oxygen mai zurfi don shakar, za a sami sauƙin tasirin hypoxia a kan numfashi, wanda zai tsananta damuwa na cibiyar numfashi har ma ya haifar da kama numfashi.
Matakan rigakafi: Ba da ƙarancin hankali, ƙarancin iskar oxygen ci gaba da gudana (gudanar iskar oxygen 1-2L / min) ga marasa lafiya tare da gazawar numfashi na II don kula da numfashi na yau da kullun.
Me yasa majinyata marasa lafiya ke buƙatar yin hutu yayin iskar iskar oxygen mai ƙarfi?
Ga wadanda ke da mawuyacin hali da kuma m hypoxia, za a iya ba da iskar oxygen mai girma a 4-6L / min. Wannan taro na iskar oxygen zai iya kaiwa 37-45%, amma lokaci bai kamata ya wuce minti 15-30 ba. Idan ya cancanta, sake amfani da shi kowane minti 15-30.
Saboda cibiyar numfashi na irin wannan majiyyaci ba ta da hankali ga ƙarfafawar riƙewar carbon dioxide a cikin jiki, ya fi dogara ga hypoxic oxygen don tayar da chemoreceptors na jikin aortic da carotid sinus don kula da numfashi ta hanyar reflexes. Idan an bai wa majiyyaci babban iskar oxygen, yanayin hypoxic Lokacin da aka sake shi, motsin motsin numfashi ta jikin aortic da carotid sinus yana raunana ko bace, wanda zai iya haifar da bugun jini kuma yana jefa rayuwa cikin haɗari.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-23-2024